Linda C. Hofmann
Univeristy of Utah College of Nursing, USA
Title: The evolution of patient classification systems (aka patient acutiy) and nurse-to-patient ratios
Biography
Biography: Linda C. Hofmann
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to review and summarize the evolution of patient classification systems to understand; 1) the history behind patient classification, 2) Patient classification tool development, 3) types of patient classification systems 4) development of classification criteria, and 5) testing and evaluation of systems types. Patient classification systems are used to measure the intensity of care required for patients or groups of patients that results in allocations of nursing resources. Patient classification systems are widely utilized in the hospital setting and yet they are rarely standardized or validated. Many hospitals use home-grown or in-house developed systems. Erroneously, classification systems are bundled with the purchase of a payroll or staff attendance software systems. Needless to say, system-wide critique and evaluation often goes by the wayside. The results of this study inform the current discussion on staffing ratio regulation and the potential mandate for use of a patient classification system. Patient classification and calculation of patient acuity are seen as key factors in nursing unit operations and are utilized to establish patient care requirements at the level of care necessary to provide safe patient care. Patient classification uses descriptive criteria to develop staffing patterns and to project nursing staffing needs to meet patient care requirements. Consistent approaches in classification and the inclusion of nursing judgement are important in ensuring safe care. Factor analysis and prototype classification system types are explained and differnetiated.